開発スタッフがアプリ関連の最新技術やニュースをご紹介します。

This article will show you the mysterious tricks that might help you when writing code with Laravel.

1.Use local scopes when you need to query things

Laravel has a nice way to write queries for your database driver using Query Builder. Something like this:

$orders = Order::where(‘status’, ‘delivered’)->where(‘paid’, true)->get();

This is pretty nice.But this bit of code can be better written if we use local scopes.

Local scopes allow us to create our Query Builder methods we can chain when we try to retrieve data. For example, instead of ->where() statements, we can use ->delivered() and ->paid() in a cleaner way.

First, in our Order model, we should add some methods:

class Order extends Model
{
   ...
   public function scopeDelivered($query) {
      return $query->where('status', 'delivered');
   }   public function scopePaid($query) {
      return $query->where('paid', true);
   }
}

When declaring local scopes, you should use the scope[Something] exact naming. In this way, Laravel will know that this is a scope and will make use of it in your Query Builder. Make sure you include the first argument that is automatically injected by Laravel and is the query builder instance.

$orders = Order::delivered()->paid()->get();

For more dynamic retrieval, you can use dynamic local scopes. Each scope allows you to give parameters.

class Order extends Model
{
   ...
   public function scopeStatus($query, string $status) {
      return $query->where('status', $status);
   }
}$orders = Order::status('delivered')->paid()->get();

Laravel uses by default where[Something] to replace the previous scope. So instead of the previous one, you can do:

Order::whereStatus(‘delivered’)->paid()->get();

Laravel will search for the snake_case version of Something from where[Something]. If you have status in your DB, you will use the previous example. If you have shipping_status, you can use:

Order::whereShippingStatus(‘delivered’)->paid()->get();

2.Magic scopes

When building things, you can use the magic scopes that are already embedded

• Retrieve the results by created_at , descending:

           User::latest()->get();

• Retrieve the results by any field, descending:

           User::latest('last_login_at')->get();

• Retrieve results in random order:

           User::inRandomOrder()->get();

• Run a query method only if something’s true:

3.Do not store model-related static data in configs

Instead of this:

BettingOdds.php

class BettingOdds extends Model
{
   ...
}

config/bettingOdds.php

return [
   'sports' => [
      'soccer' => 'sport:1',
      'tennis' => 'sport:2',
      'basketball' => 'sport:3',
      ...
   ],
];

And accessing them using:

config(’bettingOdds.sports.soccer’);

I prefer doing this:

BettingOdds.php

class BettingOdds extends Model
{
   protected static $sports = [
      'soccer' => 'sport:1',
      'tennis' => 'sport:2',
      'basketball' => 'sport:3',
      ...
   ];
}

And access them using:

BettingOdds::$sports['soccer'];

Because it’s easier to be used in further operations:

class BettingOdds extends Model
{
   protected static $sports = [
      'soccer' => 'sport:1',
      'tennis' => 'sport:2',
      'basketball' => 'sport:3',
      ...
   ];public function scopeSport($query, string $sport)
   {
      if (! isset(self::$sports[$sport])) {
         return $query;
      }
      
      return $query->where('sport_id', self::$sports[$sport]);
   }
}

Now we can enjoy scopes:

BettingOdds::sport('soccer')->get();

4.Use collections instead of raw-array processing

Back in the days, we were used to working with arrays in a raw way:

$fruits = ['apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'strawberry'];foreach ($fruits as $fruit) {
   echo 'I have '. $fruit;
}

Now, we can use advanced methods that will help us process the data within arrays. We can filter, transform, iterate and modify data inside an array:

$fruits = collect($fruits);$fruits = $fruits->reject(function ($fruit) {
   return $fruit === 'apple';
})->toArray();['pear', 'banana', 'strawberry']

Tsuki

今回はJavaScriptでQRコードをスキャンするライブラリcozmo/jsQR(https://github.com/cozmo/jsQR)を紹介します。

前回の記事「PHP QRコード生成ライブラリ「endroid/qr-code」」ではQRコードの生成方法を紹介しましたが、今回は生成したQRコードをスマートフォンやPCのWebカメラを使用してJavaScriptでスキャンする方法を紹介いたします。

続きを読む

Standard methods for creating Eloquent Models like make(), create(), update, and save(). Laravel includes some other methods are that also really useful for creating and updating Models that I feel don’t get enough attention. So in this article, I’d like to go over some of these additional methods and explain how they might be useful.

1. firstOrNew

The firstOrNew method is really useful for finding the first Model that matches some constraints or making a new one if there isn’t one that matches those constraints.

You can take a piece of code that looks like this:

$user = User::where(‘email,’$request->email)->first();

if($user === null){

$user = new User([ ‘email’ => $request->email ]);

$user->name = $request->name;

$user->save();

}

And turn it into this:

$user = User::firstOrNew( [ ‘email’ => $request->email ] );

$user->name = $request->name;

$user->save();

You may also pass an array of additional attributes to set as the second parameter if no existing Model is found:

$user = User::firstOrNew([‘email’ => request(‘email’)],[‘name’ => request(‘name’)]);

$user->save();

2.firstOrCreate

I recently found the firstOr method while source-diving. The firstOr method retrieves the first Model from a query, or if no matching Model is found, it will call a callback passed. This can be really useful if you need to perform extra steps when creating a user or want to do something other than creating a new user:

$user = User::where(‘email,’$request->email)->firstOr(function(){

$account = Account::create([

return User::create([

‘account_id’ => $account->id,

‘email’ => $request->email

]);

]);

});

3.firstOr

I recently found the firstOr method while source-diving. The firstOr method retrieves the first Model from a query, or if no matching Model is found, it will call a callback passed. This can be really useful if you need to perform extra steps when creating a user or want to do something other than creating a new user:

$user = User::where(‘email,’$request->email)->firstOr(function(){

$account = Account::create([

return User::create([

‘account_id’ => $account->id,

‘email’ => $request->email

]);

]);

});

4.updateOrCreate

The updateOrCreate method attempts to find a Model matching the constraints passed as the first parameter. If a matching Model is found, it will update the match with the attributes passed as the second parameter. If no matching Model is found a new Model will be created with both the constraints passed as the first parameter and the attributes passed as the second parameter.

You can refactor this piece of code:

$user = User::where(‘email,’$request->email)->first();

if($user !== null){

$user->update([‘name’ => $request->name]);

}else{

$user = User::create([

‘email’ => $request->email,

‘name’ => $request->name

]);

}

To this using the updateOrCreate method:

$user = User::updateOrCreate([

‘email’ => $request->email,

‘name’ => $request->name

]);

Tsuki