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Unit testing is a crucial aspect of any robust software development process. In Laravel, a popular PHP framework, writing unit tests is not only easy but also highly encouraged. In this tutorial, we will go through the basics of writing unit tests in Laravel, ensuring the reliability and stability of the individual code units.

Prerequisites

Before diving into writing unit tests, make sure the following prerequisites be installed:

1. Composer

2. Laravel Installed

3. PHPUnit

Setting Up a Laravel Project

Use the following commands to set up a new project:

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel my-laravel-app

cd my-laravel-app

Creating a Unit Test

Laravel provides a convenient Artisan command to generate a test class. Let’s create a simple unit test for a hypothetical `Calculator` class:

php artisan make:test CalculatorTest --unit

This will generate a test file located at `tests/Unit/CalculatorTest.php`. Open the file and you’ll see a basic test structure.

Writing a Unit Test

Now, let’s write a unit test for a basic addition method in our `Calculator` class. Open `CalculatorTest.php` and modify it as follows:

namespace Tests\Unit;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
use App\Calculator;

class CalculatorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function testAddition()
    {
        $calculator = new Calculator();
        $result = $calculator->add(2, 3);

        $this->assertEquals(5, $result);
    }
}

In this example, assume we have a `Calculator` class in the `app` directory with an `add` method like that.

namespace App;

class Calculator
{
    public function add($a, $b)
    {
        return $a + $b;
    }
}

Running Unit Tests

To run the unit tests, use the following command:

php artisan test

This will execute all the tests in the `tests` directory.

Assertions

Laravel provides a variety of assertions that can be used in the tests. In this example, we used `assertEquals` to verify that the addition method returns the expected result. Explore other assertions and details in the official documentation https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/testing.

Conclusion

We’ve just written a first unit test in Laravel. As the application grows, writing tests for individual code units will become an integral part of the development process, ensuring that the code remains maintainable and reliable. Hope you enjoy that.

Asahi

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MongoDB is now officially in charge of the Laravel framework’s community-driven MongoDB integration! This signals a commitment to regular updates, enhancing functionality, fixing bugs, and ensuring compatibility with the latest releases of both Laravel and MongoDB.

Formerly recognized as jenssegers/laravel-mongodb, this library expands Eloquent, Laravel’s ORM, providing PHP developers working with MongoDB a seamless experience through Eloquent models, query builders, and transactions.

For those eager to integrate MongoDB with the Laravel framework, explore the most recent release of this library, which introduces support for Laravel 10 – Laravel MongoDB 4.0.0. If you’re embarking on MongoDB PHP projects, a tutorial on constructing a Laravel + MongoDB back-end service and comprehensive library documentation are readily available here.

By Asahi

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Microsoft has revealed its plan to phase out NT LAN Manager (NTLM) authentication in Windows 11 to enhance security and focus on bolstering the Kerberos authentication protocol. This move includes the introduction of features like Initial and Pass Through Authentication Using Kerberos (IAKerb) and a local Key Distribution Center (KDC) for Kerberos in Windows 11.

NTLM, a security protocol from the 1990s, was originally designed for user authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. However, it has been replaced by Kerberos since Windows 2000, though it continues to be used as a fallback option. NTLM relies on a three-way handshake for user authentication and uses password hashing, while Kerberos employs a two-part process with encryption.

NTLM has been found to have inherent security weaknesses and is vulnerable to relay attacks, which could potentially allow unauthorized access to network resources.

Microsoft is actively working to address hard-coded NTLM instances in its components as part of its preparation to disable NTLM in Windows 11. These changes will be enabled by default, with no need for additional configuration in most scenarios. NTLM will still be available as a fallback for maintaining compatibility with existing systems.

Asahi

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Today, I would like to share about 3 free alternatives to GPT-4. Let’s take a look.

LlaMA 2

LlaMA 2 is a cutting-edge open-source large language model developed by Meta AI. It’s available for commercial use and comes with pre-trained models, fine-tuned models, and code resources. You can find all these assets on HuggingFace. You can also get a feel for how well the model performs by trying it out on HuggingChat. By making LlaMA 2 openly accessible, Meta AI is empowering researchers and developers to create innovative applications that leverage advanced language capabilities.

PaLM 2

Google AI’s PaLM 2 is Google’s latest large language model, excelling in advanced reasoning tasks like coding, mathematics, classification, question answering, translation, multilingual proficiency, and natural language generation. It surpasses previous state-of-the-art large language models like the original PaLM due to its optimized compute-scaling approach, improved dataset mixture, and architectural enhancements. You can access PaLM 2 for free using Bard. While there’s still room for improvement compared to GPT-4 in terms of quality and performance, it offers impressive capabilities.

Claude 2

Claude 2 represents the latest version of Anthropic’s conversational AI assistant. It offers improved performance, longer responses, and can be accessed through an API as well as a new public beta website, claude.ai. Developers at Anthropic have focused on enhancing its capabilities in areas such as coding, mathematics, and logical reasoning compared to earlier Claude versions. For instance, Claude 2 recently achieved a score of 76.5% on the multiple-choice section of the Bar exam, a significant improvement from Claude 1.3’s 73.0%. You can access various Claude models on Poe and experience their performance firsthand.

Conclusion

Despite GPT-4 being unavailable to the public, there are other promising open-source large language models emerging as alternatives that are accessible to everyone. While these models may not be as massive as GPT-4, they show that cutting-edge language AI is evolving rapidly and becoming more widely available. These freely accessible models excel in fields such as mathematics, coding, and logical reasoning, making them suitable replacements for various applications.

Asahi

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Copilot will start rolling out on Windows 11 starting September 26 through a free Windows 11 update.

Microsoft Copilot, the AI companion from Microsoft, is designed to seamlessly integrate with all Microsoft applications and experiences, encompassing Microsoft 365, Windows 11, Edge, and Bing. This means that users will have the ability to harness AI support across a wide spectrum of tasks within their workflows across these diverse Microsoft applications.

The pricing for Microsoft Copilot is contingent upon the specific application it is integrated with. Beginning November 1, enterprise customers can access Microsoft 365 Copilot for a substantial cost of $30 per user per month.

However, for the other applications, Microsoft has announced that Copilot will be introduced in its initial version as part of a complimentary update to Windows 11, commencing on September 26. It will also be progressively integrated across Bing, Edge, and Microsoft 365 Copilot throughout the fall.

Bing is also set to incorporate support for OpenAI’s latest DALL.E 3 model, enhancing its ability to provide personalized search results that take into account your search history. Additionally, Bing is introducing an AI-powered shopping feature for a more tailored shopping experience. Moreover, Bing Chat Enterprise is receiving updates aimed at enhancing its mobile usability and visual appeal.

Asahi

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